There are two main components in the liquid flow battery system: exchange membrane and electrode.

These two components play an important role in the performance and cost of the reactor.

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The exchange membrane for separating positive and negative electrolytes in the reactor has a significant impact on the technology and cost of the flow battery. Although the specific requirements depend on the chemical properties, the typical characteristic sets to be balanced are conductivity, selectivity, stability and material cost. For the flow battery, it is very important to maintain the performance within the service life. At present, most vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) use ion selective membranes to separate molecules according to their charge.