Vanadium batteries are used as energy storage systems and have the following characteristics:

1. The output power of the battery depends on the size of the battery stack, and the energy storage capacity depends on the electrolyte storage and concentration, so its design is very flexible. When the output power is constant, to increase the energy storage capacity, just increase the electrolyte storage tank. volume or increase the electrolyte concentration;

2. The active material of the vanadium battery exists in the liquid, and the electrolyte ion is only one type of vanadium ion, so there is no phase change common to other batteries during charging and discharging, and the battery has a long service life;

3. Good charging and discharging performance, can be deeply discharged without damaging the battery;

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4. Low self-discharge, when the system is in shutdown mode, the electrolyte in the storage tank has no self-discharge phenomenon;

5. The vanadium battery has a large degree of freedom in site selection, the system can be fully automatic closed operation, no pollution, simple maintenance, low operating cost;

6. The battery system has no potential explosion or fire hazard, and has high safety;

7. Most of the battery components are cheap carbon materials and engineering plastics, which are rich in material sources and easy to recycle, and do not require precious metals as electrode catalysts;

8. High energy efficiency, up to 75%~80%, very cost-effective;

9. The start-up speed is fast. If the stack is full of electrolyte, it can be started within 2 minutes, and it only takes 0.02s to switch the charge-discharge state during operation.

Disadvantages of current all-vanadium redox flow batteries

1. Low energy density, the energy density of current advanced products is only about 40Wh/kg. Lead-acid batteries are about 35Wh/kg.

2. Because the energy density is low and it is a flow battery, it occupies a large area.

3. The working temperature range of the current international advanced level is 5° and 45°C, and it needs to be adjusted if it is too high or too low.