All vanadium liquid flow battery is a liquid redox renewable battery with metal vanadium ion as the active material. The all vanadium flow battery uses the vanadium ion solution in the valence of +4 and +5 as the active material of the positive electrode, and the vanadium ion solution in the valence of +2 and +3 as the active material of the negative electrode, which are stored in their respective electrolyte tanks. 

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When charging and discharging the battery, the positive and negative electrolyte carries out redox reaction on both sides of the ion exchange membrane. At the same time, the electrolyte in the liquid storage tank is continuously sent into the positive chamber and the negative chamber through the function of the external pump of the stack, so as to maintain the concentration of ions and realize the charging and discharging of the battery.

The working principle of liquid flow battery determines that it is a high safety technical route in the current electrochemical energy storage technology route. Unlike lithium battery, the electrolyte of liquid flow battery is separated from the stack. Because the electrolyte ions of vanadium liquid flow battery exist in aqueous solution, thermal runaway, overheating, combustion and explosion will not occur. At the same time, vanadium batteries support frequent charge and discharge, which can be charged and discharged hundreds of times a day. The liquid electrolyte will not cause explosion and battery capacity reduction due to overcharge and discharge.